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The Gaelic revival ((アイルランド語:Athbheochan na Gaeilge)) was the late-nineteenth-century national revival of interest in the Irish language (then known as ''Gaelic'', which is more often applied to Scottish Gaelic today) and Irish Gaelic culture (including folklore, sports, music, arts, etc.). Irish had diminished as a spoken tongue, remaining the main daily language only in isolated rural areas, with English as the dominant language of the majority of Ireland. Interest in Gaelic culture was evident in the middle of the nineteenth century in the scholarly works of John O'Donovan and Eugene O'Curry, and the foundation of the Ossianic Society. Concern for spoken Irish led to the formation of the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language in 1877, and the Gaelic Union in 1880. The latter produced the ''Gaelic Journal''. Irish sports were fostered by the Gaelic Athletics Association, founded in 1884. The Gaelic League ('') was founded in 1893 by Eoin MacNeill and others. Its first president was Douglas Hyde. The object of the League was to encourage the use of Irish in everyday life, to counter the ongoing anglicisation of the country. It held weekly meetings and conversation evenings, published a newspaper, ', and successfully campaigned to have Irish included in the school curriculum. The League grew quickly, having more than 400 branches within four years of its foundation. It had fraught relationships with other cultural movements of the time, such as the Pan-Celtic movement and the Irish Literary Revival. Important writers of the Gaelic revival include , Patrick Pearse () and . ==Early movements== Early pioneers of Irish scholarship were John O'Donovan, Eugene O'Curry and George Petrie; O'Donovan and O'Curry found an outlet for their work in the Archaeological Society, founded in 1840. From 1853, translations of Irish literary works, particularly mythological works of the Ossianic Cycle—associated with the Fianna—were published by the Ossianic Society, in which Standish Hayes O'Grady was active.〔 The Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language was formed in 1877 by, among others, George Sigerson and Thomas O'Neill Russell.〔 The secretary of that society, Father John Nolan, split with it in 1880 and formed the Gaelic Union, of which the president was The O'Conor Don, and whose members included Douglas Hyde and Michael Cusack.〔Tierney (1980), p. 17〕 Cusack's interest in Gaelic culture was not restricted to the language; he took a keen interest in the traditional games of Ireland, and in 1884, with Maurice Davin, he would found the Gaelic Athletic Association to promote the games of Gaelic football, hurling and handball. In 1882 the Gaelic Union began publication of a monthly journal, the ''Gaelic Journal''. Its first editor was David Comyn; he was followed by John Fleming, a prominent Irish scholar,〔 and then Father Eugene O'Growney. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gaelic revival」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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